HIV vs. Autoimmune Diseases: Key Differences and Treatment Approaches

Though HIV and autoimmune diseases both involve the immune system, they operate very differently. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own healthy cells, often requiring immunosuppressant treatments to control inflammation and prevent further harm. On the other hand, HIV is a virus that specifically targets and destroys immune cells, weakening the body’s defense against infections and leading to increased susceptibility to various illnesses. Understanding this distinction is vital for understanding the nature of these conditions and the different treatment methods available.

Autoimmune diseases are typically managed with medications that suppress the immune system’s overactivity. In contrast, HIV treatment focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to lower the viral load and improve immune function, preventing the progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Although individuals with HIV may have autoimmune-like symptoms, HIV is not classified as an autoimmune disease. However, the long-lasting immune activation and damage caused by HIV can increase the risk of developing certain autoimmune conditions. Regular monitoring and individualized treatment plans are key for effectively managing both HIV and autoimmune diseases.

Joyce Ayad is a pharmacist at Charlton Health, who believes in providing patient-focused care, supported by her previous experience working with specialty drugs, the pharmaceutical industry, and more.

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