We often hear patients ask how they got an immune-mediated condition. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body’s own cells, leading to long-term inflammation and damage. While genetics play a role in the development of these conditions, environmental factors can also contribute to them.
Trichloroethene (found in paint removers and adhesives), silica (used as a food additive), mercury (found in thermometers and fish), pristane (a lubricant), pesticides, and smoking, have been linked to a higher risk of autoimmune diseases. These substances can cause oxidative stress and disrupt the normal functioning of the immune system.
For instance, exposure to mercury (from a broken fever thermometer) can lead to inflammation and the production of autoantibodies, a reaction similar to what occurs in lupus. Pesticides and chemicals like trichloroethene can interfere with immune function, making autoimmune reactions more likely by altering how immune cells operate and communicate.
The gut microbiome also plays a crucial role in autoimmune diseases. This complex mix of microorganisms in our intestines helps regulate immune responses and maintain a healthy gut barrier. Environmental chemicals can disrupt this balance, leading to inflammation and increasing the risk of autoimmune diseases.
Although understanding and managing these environmental factors is important, it’s important to recognize that controlling them does not guarantee prevention of autoimmune conditions. The development of these diseases is more complex, with stress and genetics also playing a crucial role.
Joyce Ayad is a 4th-year pharmacy student from the University of Waterloo who completed one of her rotations at Charlton Health. She believes in providing patient-focused care, supported by her previous experience working with specialty drugs, the pharmaceutical industry, and more. Joyce is eager to become a licensed pharmacist this year.